The Influence of Social Capital, Commitment, Justice, Employee Status, Age, Gender, and Community Health Center Strata on Performance at the Metro, Lampung, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.02.04Abstract
Background: The performance of health workers is one of the biggest reasons for the good health services. Various factors affect employee performance such as commitment, employee status, justice and social capital. This study aims to see the influence of social capital along with other accompanying factors such as justice, organizational commitment, employee status, and strata of the Health Center on the performance of Health Center employees.
Subjects and Method: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted on 11 health centers in Metro City, Lampung, Indonesia in April - May 2024. A sample of 200 health center employees was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable in this study is the performance of health center employees. The independent variables in the study were social capital, fairness, organizational commitment, employee status, health center strata, age, and gender. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and analyzed by multiple linear regression.
Results: Social capital (b= 0.07; CI 95%= 0.06 to 0.14; p= 0.048), justice (b= 0.13; CI 95%= 0.06 to 0.20; p= <0.001), organizational commitment (b= 0.10; CI 95%= 0.02 to 0.17; p= 0.012), and the strata of the Health Center (b= 1.01; CI 95%= 0.62 to 1.41; p= <0.001) has an influence on improving performance and is statistically significant. Officer status (b= -0.28; CI 95%= -0.56 to -0.01; p= 0.038) had a degrading effect and was statistically significant. Age (b= -0.13; CI 95%= -0.39 to 0.11; p= 0.284) and gender (b= 0.06; CI 95%= -0.35 to 0.11; p= 0.750) has no significant effect on performance.
Conclusion: The performance of health center employees is influenced by social capital, justice, organizational commitment, strata, and employee status. Age and gender are not factors that affect performance.
Keywords:
social capital, organizational commitment, health centerHow to Cite
References
Alshamsi AI, Thomson L, Santos A. (2020). What impact does accreditation have on workplaces? A qualitative study to explore the perceptions of healthcare professionals about the process of accreditation. Front Psychol. 11(6):113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01614
Amegbor PM, Braimah JA, Gbewonyo D, Rosenberg MW, Sabel CE. (2020). Effect of cognitive and structural social capital on depression among older adults in Ghana: A multilevel cross-sectional analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 89:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104045
Araujo CA, Siqueira MM, Malik AM. (2020). Hospital accreditation impact on healthcare quality dimensions: A systematic review. Int J Qual Health Care. 32(8):531–544. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa090
Anser MK, Ali M, Anwar F, Usman M. (2020). Subjective age and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of job burnout and chronological age. Front Public Health. 8(3):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00062
Awalia MJ, Medyati N, Giay Z. (2021). Hubungan umur dan jenis kelamin dengan stres kerja pada perawat di ruang rawat inap RSUD Kwaingga Kabupaten Keerom. J Soc Edu. 5(2):1–7. https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v5i2.1824
Barakat S, Kasemy Z. (2020). [Dari konteks sebelumnya, bila perlu disertakan — jika tidak ada, bisa dihapus atau sesuaikan.]
Casu G, Mariani MG, Chiesa R, Guglielmi D, Gremigni P. (2021). The role of organizational citizenship behavior and gender between job satisfaction and task performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18(18):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189499
Faeq DK, Ismael ZN. (2022). Analyzing the relationships between organizational justice and job performance. Int J Eng Bus Manag. 6(5):14–25. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.6.5.3
Hussein M, Pavlova M, Ghalwash M, Groot W. (2021). The impact of hospital accreditation on the quality of healthcare: A systematic literature review. BMC Health Serv Res. 21(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07097-6
Idaini S, Lukman W. (2022). Depression and psychological stress among health workers in remote areas in Indonesia. Front Public Health. 10(4):1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.743053
Jameel AS. (2020). Organizational justice and job performance of academic staff at public universities in Iraq. Skyline Bus J. 16(1):13–28. https://doi.org/10.37383/sbj160102
Julindrastuti D, Karyadi I. (2021). Pengaruh status kepegawaian terhadap kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasional. J EMSI. 17(1):21–26. https://doi.org/10.30742/equilibrium.v17i1.1387
Kalhor R, Hashemi F, Neysari N, Shahsavari S, Rafiei S. (2020). The mediating role of entrepreneurship behavior in the relationship between social capital and job performance: A study among faculty members of a medical university. Health Scope J. 9(4):1–13. https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscop.102691
Kamaruddin SN, Omar K, Saputra J, Shakur ESA, Rahim N, Razal M. (2021). Determinants of female employees’ job performance in Malaysia. Manag Sci Lett. 11:233–238. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.01
Karanika-Murray M, Veldhoven M, Michaelides G, Baguley T, Gkiontsi D, Harrison N. (2024). Curvilinear relationships between age and job performance and the role of job complexity. Work Aging Retire. 10(2):156–173. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waac006
Kemenkes RI. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Pusdatin. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kusumawardhani OB, Adji IS, Supriyanto A. (2021). Analysis of the effect of performance and individual characteristics of medical employees on understanding of accreditation in Karanganyar District Hospital. Int J Multicultural Multireligious Understand. 8(4):140. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i4.2477
Loan LT. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Manag Sci Lett. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.6.007
Mackey JD, Roth PL, Van Iddekinge CH, McFarland LA. (2019). A meta-analysis of gender proportionality effects on job performance. J Manag. 44(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601117730519
Manalu G. (2021). Analisis pengaruh status kepegawaian dan motivasi. J Ilmu Manaj Terapan. 2(3):292–299. https://dinastirev.org/JIMT/article/view/367/268
Medina-Garrido JA, Biedma-Ferrer JM, Ramos-Rodríguez AR. (2021). Moderating effects of gender and family responsibilities on the relations between work–family policies and job performance. Int J Hum Resour Manag. 32(5):1006–1037. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1505762
Nguyen HM, Ngo TT. (2020). Psychological capital, organizational commitment and job performance: A case in Vietnam. J Asian Finance Econ Bus. 7(5):269–278. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO5.269
Ola A, Abdullah MA. (2019). Pengaruh status kepegawaian dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan kerja di UPTD Health Center Kajuara Kabupaten Bone. J Manag. 2(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.37531/yum.v2i1.35
Pakpahan M, Eliyana A, Hamidah, Buchdadi AD, Bayuwati TR. (2020). The role of organizational justice dimensions: Enhancing work engagement and employee performance. Syst Rev Pharm. 11(9):323–332. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.9.49
Pandya S, Hamal M, Abuya T, Kintu R, Mwanga D, Warren CE, Agarwal S. (2022). Understanding factors that support community health worker motivation, job satisfaction, and performance in three Ugandan districts. Int J Health Policy Manag. 11(12):2886–2894. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6219
Pedersen LM, Jakobsen AL, Buttenschøn HN, Haagerup A. (2023). Positive association between social capital and the quality of health care service: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 124:849–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104380
Rodríguez-Cifuentes F, Farfán J, Topa G. (2018). Older worker identity and job performance: The moderator role of subjective age and self-efficacy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 15(12):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122731
Sang L, Liu M, Xu X, Bai Z, Zhang X, Wang D, Chen R. (2021). Association between social capital and performance among core members of Chinese NGOs in AIDS prevention and control: A cross-sectional study. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-279085/v1
Sembiring N, Nimran U, Astuti ES, Utami HN. (2020). The effects of emotional intelligence and organizational justice on job satisfaction, caring climate, and criminal investigation officers’ performance. Int J Organ Anal. 28(5):1113–1130. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-10-2019-1908
Sungu LJ, Weng Q, Xu X. (2019). Organizational commitment and job performance: Examining the moderating roles of occupational commitment and transformational leadership. Int J Select Assess. 27(3):280–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12256
Tabrizi JS, As’habi A, Nazari M, Tavani ME, Haghi M, Gharibi F. (2023). Impacts of accreditation on the performance of primary health care centres: A systematic review. Malays Fam Physician. 18(63):1–15. https://doi.org/10.51866/rv.274
Vallina A, Ferrer-Franco A, Herrera J. (2020). Fostering the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shared leadership, social capital, and contagion among health professionals. Int J Health Plann Manag. 35(6):1606–1610. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.303
Wang Q, Jiang Y, Weng Q, Wang Q. (2019). A meta-analysis of the relationship between occupational commitment and job performance. Soc Behav Personal. 47(8):1–15. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8232
Zeb A, Abdullah NH, Othayman M, Ali M. (2019). The role of LMX in explaining relationships between organizational justice and job performance. J Competitiveness. 11(2):144–160. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2019.020
Zuliyanti NL, Hidayati U. (2021). Pengaruh usia dan insentif terhadap kinerja kader posyandu di Kabupaten Purworejo. Indo J Midwife. 4(2):89–104. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijm.v4i2.1000
