Determinants of Health Worker Performance in Health Care Facilities: Meta-Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.02.02Abstract
Background: Performance is the result of a certain process carried out by all components of the organization on certain resources used. In addition, performance affects organizational goals. This study aims to analyze the influence of training, education level, and gender on performance in health workers.
Subject and Method: This study is a systematic study and meta-analysis, with the following PICO : Population = Health workers, Intervention = Training, Higher education level, Female, Comparison = No training, Low education level, Male, Outcome = Performance. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect which were published from 2014 to 2024. These articles were collected over a period of 4 weeks. The keywords used by the researcher in searching the database include Community Health Workers OR CHW AND Job Performance OR Work Performance AND Training AND Education Level AND Gender OR Sex. The articles included in this study are full-text articles with a cross sectional study design. Articles are collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles are analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: A total of 14 articles were reviewed in this meta-analysis study from Malaysia, China, India, Ethiopia, Uganda, Cameroon and Ghana. Studies show that healthcare workers with training (aOR=2.94; CI 95%= 1.33 to 6.46; p= 0.007), higher education level (aOR=2.16; CI 95%= 1.62 to 2.88; p<0.001) had a significant influence on performance. Meanwhile, women (aOR=0.92; CI 95%= 0.57 to 1.49; p=0.75) had an insignificant effect on performance.
Conclusion: Training and higher education levels can significantly improve performance in health workers, and statistically insignificant performance differences between men and women, women have the possibility of performing well.
Keywords:
performance, training, education level, gender, health workerReferences
Alemu M, Tadesse D, Hailu T, Mulu W, Derbie A, Hailu T, Abera B (2017). Performance of laboratory professionals working on malaria microscopy in Tigray, North Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res, 17(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9064917
Ambushe SA, Awoke N, Demissie BW, Tekalign T (2023). Holistic nursing care practice and associated factors among nurses in public hospitals of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia. BMC Nurs, 22(390):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01517-0
Atarhim MA, Lee S, Copnel B (2019). An exploratory study of spirituality and spiritual care among Malaysian nurses. J Relig Health, 15(58):180–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0624-0
Bagonza J, Kibira SP, Rutebemberwa E (2014). Performance of community health workers managing malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea under the community case management programme in Central Uganda: a cross sectional study. Malar J, 13(367):1-10. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-367
Baraki Z, Girmay F, Kidanu K, Gerensea H, Gezehgne D, Teklay H (2017). A cross sectional study on nursing process implementation and associated factors among nurses working in selected hospitals of central and northwest zones, Tigray region, Ethiopia. BMC Nurs, 16(54):1-9. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0248-9
Boozaripour M, Abbaszadeh A, Shahriari M, Borhani F (2018). Ethical values in nursing education: a literature review. Electron J Gen Med, 15(3):1-8. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/85500
Chung MH, Hazmi H, Cheah WL (2017). Role performance of community health volunteers and its associated factors in Kuching District, Sarawak. J Environ Public Health, 17(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9610928
Effendi K, Junita S (2020). Tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di UPTD Puskesmas Mutiara tahun 2019 (The level of patient satisfaction with health services at the UPTD Puskesmas Mutiara in 2019). Excellent Midwifery Journal, 3(2):82–90. https://doi.org/10.55541/emj.v3i2.127
Fenta ET, Temesgan WZ, Asaye MM (2023). Factors influencing midwives’ professional belongingness in Northwest Ethiopia: multicenter study. Clin Epid Glob Health, 20(23):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101232
Gadalla RM, Mukhtad AA (2021). The effect of training programs on the performance of healthcare workers at Benghazi Medical Center (BMC). LJD, 5(2):16–24. DOI: 10.37376/ljd.v5i2.1745
Hallidu M, Asumah MN, Atakorah SA, Adomako-Boateng F, Yakubu A (2023). Ghana health service performance appraisal system: a cross-sectional study on practices and perceptions among employees in the Bono East region of Ghana, West Africa. Pan Afr Med J, 44(188):1-15. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.188.38581
Ivelia LS (2018). Influence of training on performance of health workers at Kakamega County General Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya. IJPSS, 8(11):100–115.
Kumari P, Tiwari SK, Vasu N, Joshi P, Mehra M (2024). Factors associated with nursing professionalism: insights from tertiary care center in India. BMC Nurs, 23(162):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01820-4
Kuule Y, Dobson AE, Woldeyohannes D, Zolfo M, Najjemba R, Edwin BMR, Haven N, Verdonck K, Owiti P, Wilkinson E (2017). Community health volunteers in primary healthcare in rural Uganda: factors influencing performance. Front Public Health, 5(62):1-8. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00062
Lunturmas A, Pamungkasari EP, Prasetya H (2024). Effects of training and supervision on work performance among health workers in hospital: meta-analysis. J Health Policy Manage, 09(01):41-51. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.01.05
Mugizi W, Bakkabulindi FEK, Bisaso R (2015). Framework for the study of employee commitment. Makerere J High Educ, 7(2):15-47. DOI: 10.4314/majohe.v7i2.2
Musoke D, Ndejjo R, Atusingwize E, Mukama T, Ssemugabo C, Gibson L (2019). Performance of community health workers and associated factors in a rural community in Wakiso District, Uganda. Afr Health Sci, 19(3):2784-2797. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.55
Oktaviana IA, Wahyono B (2020). Determinan kinerja tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas (Determinants of the performance of health workers at health centers). HIGEIA, 4(4):835–845. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v4iSpecial%204.34587
Ousman YA, Worku B (2022). Job performance and associated factors among health workers working in public hospitals of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia region, Eastern Ethiopia. Research Square, 22(1):1-22. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1861967/v1
Rahman HA, Jarrar M, Don MS (2015). Nurse level of education, quality of care and patient safety in the medical and surgical wards in Malaysian private hospitals: a cross-sectional study. Global J Health Sci, 7(6):331-337. DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n6p331
Tsague GN, Tamfon BB, Teta IN, Ngoufack MN, Keugoung B, Bataliack SM, Ndongo CB (2020). Factors associated with the performance of routine health information system in Yaoundé-Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 20(339):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01357-x
Tsauri S (2014). Manajemen kinerja performance management. Jember: STAIN Jember Press.
Turan I, Unver H (2021). Effect of professional ownership on compassion fatigue and quality of life among midwives. EPHELS, 3(1):17-22. DOI: 10.55549/ephels.18
Wanduru P, Tetui M, Tuhebwe D, Ediau M, Okuga M, Nalwadda C, Kiracho EE, Waiswa P, Rutebemberwa E (2016). The performance of community health workers in the management of multiple childhood infectious diseases in Lira, Northern Uganda – a mixed methods cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action, 22(9):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.33194
Wang Z, Chen X, Ji K, Sang L, Bai Z, Chen R (2023). Relationship between social network and individual performance of core members from aged care services social organizations: cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr, 23(108):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03837-x
Widianti RF, Noor M, Linggi RK (2018). Kinerja pegawai puskesmas dalam pelayanan kesehatan di Kecamatan Sangatta Selatan Kabupaten Kutai Timur (Performance of health center employees in health services in South Sangatta District, East Kutai Regency). eJournal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(1):185–198
