Meta Analysis: Patient’s Satisfaction with the Outpatient’s Telemedicine Service
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2024.09.02.08Abstract
Background: Telemedicine is a combination of information and communication technology with medical science to provide health services that are not limited to space and can be done remotely (PB IDI, 2020). Patient satisfaction is referred to as the most integral element in the successful implementation of telemedicine (Ploog et al, 2022). This study aims to compare the satisfaction level of outpatients between telemedicine visits and regular face-to-face visits using meta-analysis.
Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis based on pico as follows, population: outpatient polyclinic, intervention: telemedicine services, comparison: standard care, outcome: patient satisfaction. Data were obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Springerlink, National Center for Biotechnology Information, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases published from 2020 – 2022. The keywords used in the article search were “telemedicine”, “telehealth”, “ virtual care”, “online follow up care”, “telemedicine vs in office” “telemedicine vs conventional”, “patient satisfaction”, “patient experience”, and “randomized clinical trial.” The inclusion criteria were in the form of a full paper article using a randomized clinical trial design, the subjects were outpatients, new patients and follow-up patients, had a control group that assessed standard services, the study outcomes used the mean SD. Article selection used the PRISMA flowchart and the results were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.
Results: A meta-analysis of 10 articles from Hong Kong, Turkey, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Ireland and the United States with a sample size of 1412 outpatient polyclinics showed that outpatient polypatients who received telemedicine services had an average satisfaction level of 0.38 points. higher than standard service (SMD= 0.38; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0.77; p= 0.060). The meta-analysis of this study showed significant heterogeneity of effect estimates between studies (I² = 69%; p<0.001), so the analysis used was the Random Effect Model (REM).
Conclusion: Patients who received telemedicine services experienced an average satisfaction level of 0.38 higher than patients who received standard services (SMD= 0.38; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0.77; p= 0.060).
Keywords: Telemedicine, Patient satisfaction, Meta-analysis
Correspondence:
Farahdilla Aribowo Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir Sutami No. 36A Jebres Surakarta. Email: farahdilla.a.putri@gmail.com. Handphone: +6281333287647.
References
Abdel NA, Mohammed AR, Al-falah CA, Muwafak JD, Talea AN, Salem Bakula D, Abed RR (2021). Measuring the patients’ satisfaction about telemedicine used in saudi arabia during COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13382
Altmann P, Leutmezer F, Ponleitner M, Ivkic D, Krajnc N, Rommer PS, et al. (2022). Remote visits for people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria: The TELE MS randomized controlled trial. Digital Health. 8: 205520762211121.
Anggara FY (2021). Meta-analisis pengaruh infeksi malaria terhadap persalinan prematur dan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah [Internet]. digilib.uns.ac.id. [cited 2023 Jun 29]. Available from: https://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/detail/86852/Meta-Analisis-Pengaruh-Infeksi-Malaria-terhadap-Persalinan-Prematur-dan-Kejadian-Berat-Badan-Lahir-Rendah
Atmojo J, Sudaryanto W, Widiyanto A, Arradini D (2020). Telemedicine, cost effectiveness, and patients satisfaction: A systematic review. J Health Policy Manage. 5(2): 103–107. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2020.05.02.02
Bisson LJ, Kluczynski MA, Lindborg CM, Rauh MA, DiPaola MJ, Haider MN, Pavlesen S (2021). The association between patient satisfaction and mode of visit (telemedicine versus in-person) in a large orthopaedic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic lock-down: A retrospective study. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 5(9). https://doi.org/10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-21-00046
Cascella M, Coluccia S, Grizzuti M, Romano MC, Esposito G, Crispo A, Cuomo A (2022). Satisfaction with telemedicine for cancer pain management: A model of care and cross-sectional patient satisfaction study. Current Oncology, 29(8), 5566–5578. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29080439
CASP (2022). CASP Checklists. CASP - Critical Appraisal Skills Programme; CASP. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
Champion A, Congiusta A, Yagnik A (2021). Comparison of patient satisfaction measures between in-person and telemedicine postoperative appointments following third molar surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofacial Surg.
Chaudhry H, Nadeem S, Mundi R (2021). How satisfied are patients and surgeons with telemedicine in orthopaedic care during the COVID-19 pandemic? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 479(1):47–56.
Eannucci EF, Hazel K, Grundstein MJ, Nguyen JT, Gallegro J (2020). Patient satisfaction for telehealth physical therapy services was comparable to that of in-person services during the COVID-19 pandemic. HSS Journal ®. 16(S1):10–6.
Gan Z, Lee SY, Weiss DA, Van Batavia J, Siu S, Frazier J, et al. (2021). Single institution experience with telemedicine for pediatric urology outpatient visits: Adapting to COVID-19 restrictions, patient satisfaction, and future utilization. J Pediatr Urology. 17(4): 480.e1–7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477513-121002801
Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (2020). Telemedisin rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Indonesia untuk masa depan Digitalisasi Kesehatan di Indonesia (Telemedicine recommended by the Indonesian Doctors Association for the future of Health Digitalization in Indonesia). Jakarta: PB IDI.
Kartikasari M (2022). Meta-Analisis: efektivitas penggunaan mHealth terhadap peningkatan pelayanan antenatal (Meta-Analysis: effectiveness of using mHealth to improve antenatal care) (Doctoral dissertation, UNS (Sebelas Maret University)).
Kumalasari MT, Katmini K (2023). Analysis of perception, attitude, and quality of service on patient satisfaction at the registration place of the Kesambenkulon Health Center, Kediri. J Health Policy Manage. 8(1):55–65. https://thejhpm.com-/index.php/thejhpm/article/view/308/pdf
Lee DD, Arya LA, Andy UU, Harvie HS (2021). Video virtual clinical encounters versus office visits for postoperative care after pelvic organ prolapse surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery. 27(7):432–8.
Li J, Liu Y, Jiang J, Peng X, Hu X (2021). Effect of telehealth interventions on quality of life in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Nursing Studies. 103970.
Melian C, Kieser D, Frampton C, C Wyatt M (2020). Teleconsultation in orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient and physician experiences. J Telemedicine Telecare. 1357633X2095099.
Munawaroh SM, Nurhayati H, Sudarmono A, Dhony EF, Veibiani NA, Krisnawati H, et al. Meta Analysis on the Effect of the Quality of Health Services with the Level of Patient Satisfaction. J Health Policy Manage. 6(2): 107–15. https://-thejhpm.com/index.php/thejhpm/article/view/231/pdf
Muschol J, Heinrich M, Heiss C, Knapp G, Repp H, Schneider H, et al. (2022). Assessing telemedicine efficiency in follow-up care with video consultations for patients in orthopedic and trauma surgery in Germany: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 24(7):e36996. https://www.jmir.org/2022/7/e36996/.
Paul G, Manz WJ, DeMaio EL, Duddleston SH, Xerogeanes JW, Scott Maughon T, et al. (2021). Telehealth Can Be Implemented Across a Musculoskeletal Service Line Without Compromising Patient Satisfaction. HSS Journal®: Musculoskelet J Hospital Special Surg. 17(1):36–45.
Ploog NJ, Coffey J, Wilshusen L, demaerschalk B (2022). Outpatient visit modality and parallel patient satisfaction: A multi-site cohort analysis of telemedicine and in-person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Patient Exp, 9(3): 93–101. https://doi.-org/10.35680/2372-0247.1704
Radtke S, Umeh R, Chavez M, Curiel Z, Mendez K (2021). Utilizing telemedicine for delivery of postoperative care following minimally invasive gynecologic surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy. 10(3):148.
Ramaswamy A, Yu M, Drangsholt SNgE, Culligan PJ, Schlegel PN, Hu JC (2020). Patient satisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study. J Med Internet Res. 22(9). https://doi.org/10.2196/20786Sholihah.
Safitri LE, Azka A, Manggandhi Y, Dewi NH, Hidayah F, Prianggi H, et al. (2021). Relation-ship between quality of health services and patient satisfaction in oral and dental patients. J Health Policy Manage. 6(3):233–41. https://thejhpm.com-/index.php/thejhpm/article/view/287/160
Sholihah AA, Tamtomo DG, Prasetya H (2021). Meta- analysis of the effect of telemonitoring on blood sugar levels and quality of life in diabetes patients. Indones J Med. 6(03), 246-257.
Sinha N, Cornell M, Wheatley B, Munley N, Seeley M (2019). Looking through a different lens: Patient satisfaction with telemedicine in delivering pediatric fracture care. J Am Acad of Orthop Surg: Glob Res Rev. 3(9):e100.
So H, Chow E, Cheng IT, Lau SL, Li TK, Szeto CC, et al. (2022). Use of telemedicine for follow-up of lupus nephritis in the COVID-19 outbreak: The 6-month results of a randomized controlled trial. Lupus. 31(4):488–94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-/pmc/articles/PMC8902321/pdf/10.1177_09612033221084515.pdf
Treskes RW, van Winden LAM, van Keulen N, van der Velde ET, Beeres SLMA, Atsma DE, et al. (2020). Effect of Smartphone-Enabled Health Monitoring Devices vs Regular Follow-up on Blood Pressure Control Among Patients After Myocardial Infarction. JAMA Network Open. 3(4):e202165.
Turner H A, Cashman J, Doran C (2023). Can teleconsent improve patient recall of surgical risks in knee arthroplasty? A randomised controlled trial. Ir J Med Sci. 192(4):1917-1922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-022-03158-9.
Umiati S (2021). Efektivitas telemedicine terhadap kepuasan pasien: Meta-analisis (Doctoral dissertation (Effectiveness of telemedicine on patient satisfaction: Meta-analysis (Doctoral dissertation), UNS (Sebelas Maret University)).
Vaccaro AR, Getz CL, Cohen BE, Cole BJ, Donnally CJ (2020). Practice management during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 28(11): 464-470. https://doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00379.
Yao LY, Fleshner PR, Zaghiyan KN (2023). Impact of postoperative telemedicine visit versus in-person visit on patient satisfaction: A randomized clinical trial. Surgery. 173(2): 322–327. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.surg.2022.09.036.
Zhang W, Cheng B, Zhu W, Huang X, Shen C (2020). Effect of telemedicine on quality of care in patients with coexisting hypertension and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Telemedicine and e-Health. 23;27(6).
