Association between Gender and Anxiety among Covid-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Authors

  • Zuraida Zulkarnain Research and Development Center of Traditional Medicinal and Medicinal Plants, Karanganyar, Central Java
  • Arum Nuryati School of Health Sciences Guna Darma, Yogyakarta
  • Desif Upix Community Health Center Gamping, Yogyakarta
  • Adilla Misi Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta, Central Java
  • Andi Siswanto Regency Health Office of Karanganyar, Central Java
  • Atik Handariati Academy of Physiotherapy, Dustira Hospital, Bandung, West Java
  • Zadia Dara Universitas Respati Yogyakarta
  • Alfiana Nur Nur Rohmani Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta, Central Java
  • Saryanto Saryanto Research and Development Center of Traditional Medicinal and Medicinal Plants, Karanganyar, Central Java
  • Zadia Dara Universitas Respati Yogyakarta

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak rapidly spread worldwide, with a significant number of cases and deaths causing anxiety, especially among the sufferers. Biologically, males and females show different psychological responses to the events at hand. This study aimed to examine the association between gender and anxiety among COVID-19 patients.

Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis. The articles were obtained from data­bases PubMed and Scopus using keywords "Anxiety" OR "anxiety disorder" AND "COVID-19 Patients" OR "Patients with COVID-19" OR "Hospitalized" AND "Risk factors" OR "deter­mi­­nants" OR "Gender" OR "Factors associa­ted". The articles included in this study were full-text with a cross-sectional design, dis­cuss-ed the association between gender and anxiety among COVID-19 patients, published in Eng­lish, studies located in Asia. The final results were pre­sented in Adjust Odds Ratio (aOR) or Standar­dized Mean Difference (SMD). Data analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software, with generic inverse variance data type for categorical outcome group (CtOG) articles and continuous data type for continue outcome group (CnOG).

Results: 9 articles were analyzed, including 4 articles CtOG and 5 articles CnOG. The  forest plot of both categorical and continue outcomes showed consistent result that among COVID-19 patients  who hospitalized with mild to severe symptoms. Female patients significantly had higher anxiety event (aOR= 2.19; 95% CI= 1.60 to 2.99; p<0.001; I2= 0% and SMD= 0.35; 95% CI= 0.21 to 0.49; p<0.001; I2= 12%).

Conclusion: Among COVID-19 patients, the female gender has a significantly higher risk of suffering from anxiety than the male gender.

Keywords: anxiety, COVID-19

Correspondence: Zuraida Zulkarnain. Research and Develop­ment Center of Traditional Medicinal and Me­dicinal Plants, Karanganyar, Central Java. Mobile: 081393933862. e-mail: zuraida.zu@­gmail.com.

Journal of Health Policy and Management (2021), 06(02): 94-106
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2021.06.02.02

 

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Published

30-05-2021

How to Cite

Zulkarnain, Z., Nuryati, A., Upix, D., Misi, A., Siswanto, A., Handariati, A., Dara, Z., Rohmani, A. N. N., Saryanto, S., & Dara, Z. (2021). Association between Gender and Anxiety among Covid-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 6(2), 94–106. Retrieved from https://thejhpm.com/index.php/thejhpm/article/view/226

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