Meta Analysis of the Influence of COVID-19 Patient Services on the Level of Anxiety and Depression in Nurses in Hospital

Authors

  • Andang Sudarmono Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Bhisma Murti Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Hanung Prasetya Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread around the world and is impacting the mental health of everyone, including healthcare workers. Health workers are at the forefront of treating patients infected with COVID-19. are at high risk of experiencing mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the effect of COVID-19 patient care on the level of anxiety and depression in nurses in hospitals, with a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.

Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: nurses. Intervention: serving COVID-19 patients. Comparison: does not serve COVID-19 patients. Outcome: anxiety and depression. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles “Anxiety” AND “Depression” AND “Nurses” OR “Healthcare worker” AND “COVID-19”. The included article is a full-text English language with a cross-sectional study design from 2020 to 2021 and reports the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in a multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.

Results:  A total of 12 cross-sectional studies from America, Asia, and Europe were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed nurses who served COVID-19 patients had a risk of experiencing anxiety as much as 1.75 times compared to nurses who did not serve COVID-19 patients and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 1.75; 95% CI= 1.29 to 2.37; p<0.001 ). A meta-analysis of 12 studies from America, Asia and Europe showed that nurses caring for COVID-19 patients had a 1.1 times risk of developing depression compared to nurses who did not serve COVID-19 patients, but this result was not statistically significant (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 0.53 to 2.30; p= 0.80).

Conclusion: The effect of caring for COVID-19 patients increases the risk of anxiety and depression in nurses in hospitals.

Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Nurses, COVID-19

Correspondence: Andang Sudarmono. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: andan_cf@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: 08156701457.

Journal of Health Policy and Management (2022), 07(01): 1-13
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2022.07.01.01

References

Alah MA, Ali K, Abdeen S, Al-Jayyousi G, Kasem H, Poolakundan F, Al-Mahbshii S, Bougmiza I (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on health care workers working in a unique environment under the umbrella of Qatar Red Crescent Society. Heliyon. 7(6):e07236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07236.

Ahn MH, Shin Y, Suh S, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Lee K, Chung S (2020). High workrelated stress and anxiety response to COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A cross- sectional online survey study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 7(10): e25489. https://doi.org/10.2196/254-89.

Alateeq DA, Aljhani S, Althiyabi I, Majzoub S (2020). Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 13(10): 1432-1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.013.

Bappenas KP (2021). Studi pembelajaran penanganan COVID-19 Indonesia (Indonesian COVID-19 Handling Learning Study).

Center for Evidence Based Management (2014).Critical ppraisal Checklist for Cross-sectional Study.

Buselli R, Corsi M, Baldanzi S, Chiumiento M, Del Lupo E, Dell’Oste V, Bertelloni CA, et al. (2020). Professional Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care Workers Exposed to Sars Cov-2 (Covid-19). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(17): 6180. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph17176180.

Davidson N (2018). Psikologi Abnormal (Abnormal Psychology). Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Heesakkers H, Zegers M, van Mol MMC, van den Boogaard M (2021). The impact of the first COVID-19 surge on the mental well being of ICU nurses: A nationwide survey study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 65: 103034. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103034.

Hong S, Ai M, Xu X, Wang W, Chen J (2020). These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre Immediate psychological impact on nurses working at 42 government designated hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak

in China: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Outlook. 69(1): 6–12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.outlook.2020.07.007.

Ghufron MN, Risnawita R (2014). Teori-Teori Psikologi. Jogjakarta: Ar- Ruzz Media.

Vinkers CH, van Amelsvoort T, Bisson JI, Branchi I, Cryan JF,Domschke K, Howes OD, et al. (2020). Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 35: 12.16.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.20 20.05.003.

Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia(2016). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) (online). Available at: https://kbbi.web.id/cemas, accessed in October 2021.

Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia(2016). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) (online). Available at: https://kbbi.web.id/depresi, accessed in October 2021.

Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2020). Standar Profesi Perawat (Nursing Professional Standard).

Khanal P, Devkota N, Dahal M, Paudel K, Joshi D (2020). Mental health impacts among health workers during COVID-19 in a low resource setting: a cross-sectional survey from Nepal. Global Health. 16(1): 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s1299202000621z

Koksal E, Dost B, Terzi Ö, Ustun YB, Özdin S, Bilgin S (2020). Evaluation of depression and anxiety levels and related factors among operating theater workers during the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. 35(5):472–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.06.017.

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Löwe B (2010). The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 32(4): 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006.

Kurniawati O, Prasetya H, Murti B (2021). Meta analysis the effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus on COVID-19 mortality. J Epidemiol Public Health. 6(2): 177–191. https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2021.06.02.05.

Kürşat M, Servet Ş, Gülay A, Aytül Ş (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress and insomnia and related factors in healthcare workers during COVID ‑ 19 Pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Community Health. 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1090002000921w.

Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 3(3): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.

Murti B (2018). Prinsip dan Metode Riset Epidemiologi (Edisi V) (Epidemiological Research Principles and Methods (V). Surakarta: Bintang Fajar Offset.

Murti B (2021). Prinsip Meta Analisis (Principles of Meta Analysis). Workshop Online Program Magister ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas sebelas Maret.

Naser AY, Dahmash EZ, Al-Rousan R, Al-wafi H, Alrawashdeh HM, Ghoul I, Abidine A, et al. (2020). Mental health status of the general population healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav. 10(8): e01730. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1730.

Pouralizadeh M, Bostani Z, Maroufizadeh S, Ghanbari A (2020). Anxiety and depression and the related factors in nurses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences hospitals during COVID-19: A web-based cross-sectional study. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 13:100233.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100233.

Prasad A, Civantos AM, Byrnes Y, Chorath K, Poonia S, Chang C, Graboyes EM, et al. (2020). Snapshot impact of COVID-19 on mental wellness in nonphysician otolaryngology health care workers: A national study. OTO Open. 4(3): 2473974X20948835. https://doi.org/10.1177/2473974X20948835.

Ramanathan K, Antognini D, Combes A, Paden M, Zakhary B, Ogino M, Maclaren G, Brodie D, Shekar K (2020). Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other out breaks of emerging infectious diseases. Lancet Respir Med. 8(5): 518–526. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2213-2600(20)301211.

Rossi R, Socci V, Pacitti F, Di Lorenzo G, Di Marco A, Siracusano A, Rossi A (2020). Mental health outcomes among frontline and second line health care workers during the Coro-navirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Italy. JAMA Netw Open. 3(5):3–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10185.

Saragih ID, Tonapa SI, Saragih IS, Advani S, Batubara SO, Suarilah I, Lin CJ (2021). Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 121: 104002.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104002.

Stuart GW (2016). Prinsip dan Praktik Keperawatan Kesehatan Jiwa. Singapore: Elsevier.

Williamson V, Murphy D, Greenberg N (2020). COVID-19 and experiences of moral injury in front line key workers. Occup Med (Lond). 70(5): 317-319. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa052.

World Health Organization (2021). Pertanyaan dan jawaban terkait Coronavirus (questions and answers related to Coronavirus). Accessed from https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus/qa/qafor public, in October 2021.

Downloads

Published

16-01-2022

How to Cite

Sudarmono, A., Murti, B., & Prasetya, H. (2022). Meta Analysis of the Influence of COVID-19 Patient Services on the Level of Anxiety and Depression in Nurses in Hospital. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(1), 1–13. Retrieved from https://thejhpm.com/index.php/thejhpm/article/view/256

Issue

Section

Articles